Pemanfaatan LiDAR dalam Pemantauan Perubahan Tutupan Lahan untuk Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59632/magnetic.v5i2.517Keywords:
LiDAR, Perubahan Tutupan Lahan, Perubahan Iklim, Point Cloud, BiomassaAbstract
Perubahan tutupan lahan merupakan faktor penting dalam studi perubahan iklim global, terutama dipicu oleh aktivitas antropogenik. Dalam dua dekade terakhir, teknologi Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) telah berkembang sebagai alat efektif untuk pemantauan spasial perubahan tutupan lahan dengan akurasi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan tinjauan sistematis mengenai pemanfaatan teknologi laser pada LiDAR dalam konteks pemantauan perubahan tutupan lahan yang relevan dengan studi perubahan iklim. Pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi tren penelitian, metode yang digunakan, serta kontribusi LiDAR dalam estimasi parameter lingkungan seperti biomassa, stok karbon, dan model elevasi digital. Tinjauan ini mencakup publikasi dari tahun 2015 hingga 2024. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa LiDAR memiliki keunggulan dalam penetrasi kanopi vegetasi dan estimasi biomassa dengan akurasi tinggi (90–95%). Selain itu, integrasi LiDAR dengan data multispektral dan kecerdasan buatan (AI) memperluas kemampuannya dalam pemantauan lingkungan. Temuan ini diperoleh dari analisis literatur yang mencakup berbagai konteks aplikasi, seperti program REDD+, mitigasi bencana, dan validasi laporan emisi karbon nasional, terutama di wilayah tropis seperti Amazon dan Kalimantan. Dengan demikian, LiDAR merupakan teknologi utama dalam pengamatan bumi yang memadukan dimensi spasial dan temporal, sehingga mampu memberikan data yang presisi dan kontinu untuk mendukung kajian perubahan iklim, dinamika tutupan lahan, dan isu-isu lingkungan lainnya secara berkelanjutan.
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