Analisis Variasi Spasial dan Temporal Parameter Kualitas Air Sungai Kahayan: Implikasi Terhadap Proses Self-Purification
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59632/magnetic.v5i1.491Keywords:
MANOVA, PCA, Self-Purification, Sungai KahayanAbstract
Sungai Kahayan, sebagai salah satu sungai utama di Kalimantan Tengah, memiliki peran krusial dalam kehidupan masyarakat setempat. Namun, aktivitas manusia di sekitar sungai ini, seperti pembuangan limbah rumah tangga dan industri, mengakibatkan potensi pencemaran yang signifikan. Penelitian ini menggali variasi spasial dan temporal dari 11 parameter kualitas air Sungai Kahayan selama periode 2021–2023. Hasil analisis menggunakan teknik statistika multivariat, Analisis Klaster Hierarki (HCA) dan Analisis Komponen Utama (PCA), mengidentifikasi hubungan kompleks antar parameter. Hasil PCA menunjukkan bahwa parameter kualitas air dapat direduksi menjadi dua komponen utama (PC1 dan PC2), menjelaskan sekitar 84,24% variabilitas data. PC1 merepresentasikan tingkat polusi organik dan anorganik, sementara PC2 mencerminkan aspek-aspek kimia dan keseimbangan kimia dalam air. Analisis spasial menggunakan HCA mengelompokkan lokasi pengambilan sampel ke dalam dua klaster utama, menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dalam kualitas air. Analisis temporal menggunakan MANOVA mengungkapkan perbedaan yang signifikan setiap tahun, terutama pada parameter pH, DO, BOD, NH3-N, TDS, TSS, dan Fe. Kemampuan self-purification Sungai Kahayan dievaluasi melalui analisis tren dengan melibatkan parameter DO, BOD, dan COD. Meskipun terjadi pemurnian diri, sungai belum mencapai zona air bersih pada titik terakhir pengambilan sampel. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang variasi spasial dan temporal kualitas air Sungai Kahayan, serta implikasinya terhadap proses self-purification. Hasilnya dapat menjadi dasar untuk pengelolaan sumber daya air yang berkelanjutan dan peningkatan pemahaman terhadap kondisi ekosistem sungai.
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